Minna no Nihongo 19: Natsu wa Fuyu yori Atsui desu

更新日: 12/05/202307/01/2020

Hi, ojachan is here 🙂 Today’s lesson is:【第12課】 Lesson 12. Natsu wa Fuyu yori Atsui desu.

Don’t you want to know how to learn Japanese like Japanese kids? This lesson is meant for students that are beginners at Japanese.

⭐️This lesson is following the textbook “Minna no Nihongo”. (*not perfectly)

⭐️I’m going to give a lesson easier to understand for Japanese learners without following textbook’s orders.

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Let’s get started!

CONTENTS

Key Phrases

１. Aは　Bより　形容詞です。

Let’s learn comparative sentences today.

Comparative sentences are used for when you compare two items. This sentence might be confusing you about the positions of words that are A or B. If you reverse the positions, the meaning of the sentence could result in the reverse too. Make sure you memorize placing the noun before which becomes the key in the sentence against the comparing word.

■ Basic Forms

夏は　冬より　暑いです。
natsu wa fuyu yori atsui desu
Summer is hotter than winter.

夏は　冬より　寒くありません。
natsu wa fuyu yori samuku arimasen
Summer is not colder than winter.

春と　秋は　どちらが　好きですか。
haru to aki wa dochiraga sukidesuka
Which do you like better spring or fall?

春です。
haru desu
I like spring better.

■ わたしは　Bより　Aが　好きです。

If you add a subject, the positions of A and B reverse in this patterned sentence. The noun just before the verb is the key word of the sentence. So be careful.

わたしは　晴れの日より　雨の日が　好きです。
watashi wa harenohi yori ame no hi ga suki desu
I like rainy days better than sunny days.

■わたしは　Bより　Aが　いいです。

You can use “良い ii” instead of “好き suki”. It sounds more casual. You can use this expression when you want to choose A against B.

わたしは　晴れの日より　雨の日が　良いです。
watashi wa harenohi yori amenohi ga ii desu
I prefer rainy days than sunny days.

２. Cで　Aが　いちばん　形容詞です。

Second, let’s learn the superlative sentence. This sentence can tell A is the top level in C group.

一年で　冬が　いちばん　寒いです。
ichinen de fuyu ga ichiban samui desu
Winter is the coldest of the year.

■ Cで　Aが　最も　形容詞です。

You can use “最も mottomo” instead of “いちばん ichiman”. 最も is the positions of A and B reverse in this pattered sentence. more formal word than いちばん.

一年で　夏が　最も　暑いです。
ichinen de natsu ga mottomo atsui desu
Summer is the hottest of the year.

3. Aは　Bと　同じくらい　形容詞です。

This grammar doesn’t appear in Lesson 12 of “Minna no Nihongo” though, it must be useful for you if you learn it together. “同じくらい” means “equal”.

you can tell A and B are in an equal state with this sentence. But negative form is totally different from affirmative form. So you should learn each two form.

1月は　12月と　同じくらい　寒いです。
ichigatsu wa jyuunigatsu to onajikurai samui desu
January is as cold as December.

3月は　12月ほど　寒くありません。
sangatsu wa juunigatsu hodo samuku arimasen
March is not as cold as December.

Summary

1. A > B	A is -er than B.	Aは　Bより　いadj.です。
2.A is the top.	A is the -est of C.	Aは　Cで　いちばん　いadj.です。
3.A= B	A is as adj. as B.	Aは　Bと　同じくらい　いadj.です。

Vocabulary Words in This Lesson

日本語	ふりがな	pronunciation	English
季節	きせつ	kisetsu	season
春	はる	haru	spring
夏	なつ	natsu	summer
秋	あき	aki	fall
冬	ふゆ	fuyu	winter
天気	てんき	tenki	weather
雨	あめ	ame	rainy
晴れ	はれ	hare	sunny
曇り	くもり	kumori	cloudy
気温	きおん	kion	temperature

Adjective Words

い – adjective	ない – form	English
暑い atsui	暑く atsuku	hot
寒い samui	寒く samuku	winter
涼しい suzushii	涼しく suzushiku	cool
蒸し暑い mushiatsu	蒸し暑く mushiatsukui	humid
簡単 kantan	簡単では kantandewa	easy
難しい muzukashii	難しく muzukashiku	difficult
面白い omoshiroi	面白く omoshiroku	interesting
つまらない tsumaranai	つまらなく tsumaranaku	bored
近い chikai	近く chikaku	close
遠い tooi	遠く tooku	distant
早い hayai	早く hayaku	early
遅い osoi	遅く osoku	late / slow

■「好き」と「嫌い」aren’t verbs?

“好き” and “嫌い”are not verbs but なadjectives.

So these two words are difficult to translate directly into Japanese from other languages, you should be careful.

好き suki 良い ii (casual) / yoi (formal)	好きでは sukidewa 良く yoku	good
嫌い kirai	嫌いでは kiraidewa	bad