JAPANESE LESSON

Japanese Lesson 18: Verb Conjugation Group 3

Let’s learn verb conjugation this time too! Group 3 verb conjugations are “カ行変格活用 KAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou” and “サ行変格活用 SAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou”. I’m going to teach you the way of grammar which Japanese kids learn.

*I can’t perfectly apply the way because Japanese learners who don’t speak Japanese as mother tongue don’t have potential knowledge for Japanese.

A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar

Amazon Reviews:★★★★

Publisher: JAPAN TIMES

■Group 3 Verb


group 3 verbs conjugation
カ行変格活用サ行変格活用
KAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou SAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou
来る
kuru
to come
する
suru
to do

Verb conjugations of Group 3 verb are ONLY 来る and する. So you need to memorize these conjugations. The verb of KAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou is 来る and the verb of SAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou is する. Japanese kids learn it in the age of 14 year-old as カ行変格活用 and サ行変格活用 in national language class. I have already gave the detail lesson in this article “How to Classify Verbs”.

Japanese people don’t usually use Group 3 verb in a Japanese class. Japanese learners only learn these verbs as jisho-form, masu-form, nai-form and te-form.

■ Forms


group 3 conjugation form
辞書形 jisho-form
“辞書形 jisho -form” appears in a dictionary. It’s like a “ to do” in English.
When you learn verbs you need to learn this form the first definitely.
ない形 nai-form
“ない形 nai-form” conjugates to negative-form.  It’s like a “not to do” in English.
Japanese learners need to learn this form definitely.
ます形 masu-form
“ます形 masu-form” conjugates to polite-form.  There is no expression in English.
Japanese learners need to learn this form definitely.
て形 te-form
“て形 te-form” is used when the verb follows other adjectives or verbs. It corresponds to the grammar of English “An Infinitive” or “A gerund”.

■ Verb Conjugation


The big difference between classifying verbs and Verb conjugation is; we focus on the sound before the suffix when we classify verbs and we focus on the suffix itself when we conjugate verbs.

FormEnglishMeaningFollowing-
conjugation
語幹 
gokan
stemthe part of a word taken off the ending
未然形 
mizen-kei
nai-formthe form for the thing’s happened not yetない

よう
連用形 
renyou-kei
masu-form 
te-form
the form follows an adjective or a verbます

終止形 
shuushi-kei
jisho-formthe form ends with “。”
連体形 
rentai-kei
the form follows a nounとき
こと
仮定形 
katei-kei
the form for supposition
命令形 
meirei-kei
imperative formthe form for imperative form命令

■ Following Other Words


よう you
“よう you” are auxiliaries to make suggestions or offers. it’s same as “let’s” in English.
e.g. 日本語を 勉強よう
nihongo wo benkyou-shiyou
Let’s study Japanese.
た ta
“た ta” are auxiliaries to make the past tense or the perfect tense. It’s same as “-ed” in English. 
e.g. 今日 日本語を 勉強
kyou nihongo wo benkyoushita
I studied Japanese today.
終止形 shuushi-kei a conclusive form
“終止形 shuushi-kei a conclusive form” is “jisho-form a dictionary form”. It usually ends with “。読点 touten” which is same as “. period” in English. You can use it when you assert or itemize something.
e.g.僕は 教科書で 日本語を 勉強する
boku wa hon de nihongo wo benkyousuru
I study Japanese with textbooks.
とき toki
“とき toki” is a noun to make a sentence of the flow the time. It’s a same meaning of “when” as a conjunction in English. 
e.g. 日本語を 勉強するとき、辞書を 使います。
nihongo wo benkyousuru toki jisho wo tsukaimasu
I use a dictionary when I study Japanese.
こと koto
“こと koto” is a noun when you use a verb as a noun. It corresponds to the grammar of English “A gerund” of “-ing”.  
e.g. 日本語を 勉強することは、楽しいです。
nihongoi wo benkyousuru koto wa tanoshii desu
Studying Nihongo is fun.
ば ba
“ば ba” is a particle to make a sentence of introducing possible or impossible situations. It’s a same meaning of “if” as a conjunction in English.
e.g. 漢字を 勉強すれ、日本語が 上達します。
kanji wo benkyousure ba nihongo ga joutatsushimasu
You can improve your Japanese if you learn kanji.
命令形 meirei-kei imperative form
“命令形 meirei-kei imperative formis used when you say “Do something.” or requests. 
e.g.日本語を 勉強しろ
nihongo wo benkyoushiro
Study Japanese!

■ The Classes of  henkaku-katsuyou


The name of “変格活用 henkaku-katsuyou” conjugate irregularly. “カ行変格活用 KAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou” conjugates with “k- sound, “サ行変格活用 SAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou” conjugates with “s- sound.

1. KAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou


Let’s learn “カ行変格活用 KAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou” .

Here is the conjugation of 来る kuru to come”.

語幹:来る 
活用語尾:来る
活用:カ行変格活用 KAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou

k- sound conjugation kuru

2. SAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou


Let’s learn “サ行変格活用 SAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou” .

Here is the conjugation of する suru to do”.

語幹:する 
活用語尾:する
活用:サ行変格活用 SAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou

s- sound conjugation suru

There are a lot of compound verbs with する below. If the suffix of the verb is “する”, you can conjugate with  SAgyou-henkaku-katsuyou. 

Beside,you can create verbs with する. For example, “ツイートする to tweet” and “ラインする to send a message on LINE”. These are created as slang words these days.

辞書形
jisho-form
未然形
nai-form
連用形
masu-form
/ te-form
終止形
jisho-form
連体形
rentai-kei
仮定形
katei-kei
命令形
order-form
勉強する
benkyousuru
to study
勉強ない
勉強よう
勉強ます
勉強
勉強
勉強する勉強するとき
勉強すること
勉強すれ勉強しろ
勉強せよ
理解する
rikaisuru
to understand
理解ない
理解よう
理解ます
理解
理解
理解する理解するとき
理解すること
理解すれ理解しろ
理解せよ
準備する
junbisuru
to prepare
準備ない
準備よう
準備ます
準備
準備
準備する準備するとき
準備すること
準備すれ準備しろ
準備せよ
掃除する
soujisuru
to clean
掃除ない
掃除よう
掃除ます
掃除
掃除
掃除する掃除するとき
掃除すること
掃除すれ掃除しろ
掃除せよ
仕事する
shigotosuru
to work
仕事ない
仕事よう
仕事ます
仕事
仕事
仕事する仕事するとき
仕事すること
仕事すれ仕事しろ
仕事せよ
電話する
denwasuru
to call
電話ない
電話よう
電話ます
電話
電話
電話する電話するとき
電話すること
電話すれ電話しろ
電話せよ
買い物する
kaimonosuru
to go shopping
買い物ない
買い物よう
買い物ます
買い物
買い物
買い物する買い物するとき
買い物すること
買い物すれ買い物しろ
買い物せよ

Group 3 Verb QUIZ


Homework


Conjugate these verbs in Japanese to the comment below!

①メールする to send a mail
②意味する to mean
③洗濯する to do laundry

Okay, that’s all for today!

Good luck with your Japanese study 😊

A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar

Amazon Reviews:★★★★

Publisher: JAPAN TIMES

P.S. My English skill is not enough yet. Please correct me with DM from CONTACT if my English is wrong. Thank you for your cooperation!

Next Lesson is; CLICK HERE!

Japanese Lesson 18: te-form is Very Easy!

Previous Lesson is; CLICK HERE!

Japanese Lesson 17: Verb Conjugation Group 2